Across Europe, the standard for describing language skills is the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). It defines the goals of language education at six levels and so makes programmes comparable and self-assessment possible.
In English it is the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR); the French original is Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues, which gives the abbreviation CECRL.
Language courses are labelled with the levels A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2.
For comparison: over the course of regular schooling (primary school plus four years of secondary school), pupils have roughly 1,100 school hours of language learning, and the school-leaving exam is at level B2.